99-10: The Retrofit of a Big Cooling Tower at an Oil Refinery in Vienna inAt a big oil refinery in Vienna an 18 unit cooling tower has been retrofitted with fan and drive equipment in combination with a significant noise reduction. Public authorities only allowed the necessary retrofitting of the cooling tower after 18 years of operation, if the dominating noise generation of the towers would be effectively reduced. From an inventory study by acoustic specialists it hs turned out that the cooling tower fans were the

Not all manufacturers have a sufficient level of understanding

Part 2 of the article deals with crystal structure in terms of water treatment applications

mainly as a refrigerant fluid and in parallel

Energy saving chart was generated for various climatic conditions across the USA to predict the energy performance of ER using cooling tower and coil in fresh air pre-cooling applications

(6-inch and larger) pipes and conduits can be a confusing and perplexing task unless the potential user has some basic information wherein an informed choice can be made

the frequency of dosage and selection of product are rarely tailored to the particular system for optimum control

Some case histories are also discussed

fairly easy to install and has been the established standard method for many years

and water savings

a combination of equipment and controls

the influence of inlet shape and obstacles will be discussed

You will find that at some tempera­tures there is a slight difference between these tables and the one published by Goff and Gratch in 1945